Semiconductor device, semiconductor device package, and lightning apparatus

ABSTRACT

A semiconductor device includes a light emitting structure, and an interconnection bump including an under bump metallurgy (UBM) layer disposed on an electrode of at least one of the first and second conductivity-type semiconductor layers, and having a first surface disposed opposite to a surface of the electrode and a second surface extending from an edge of the first surface to be connected to the electrode, an intermetallic compound (IMC) disposed on the first surface of the UBM layer, a solder bump bonded to the UBM layer with the IMC therebetween, and a barrier layer disposed on the second surface of the UBM layer and substantially preventing the solder bump from being diffused into the second surface of the UBM layer.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of priority from Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2014-0154974 filed on Nov. 10, 2014, with the KoreanIntellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Example embodiments relate to a semiconductor device, a semiconductordevice package, and/or a lighting apparatus.

A solder bump formed on an electrode of a semiconductor chip including alight emitting diode (LED) may be formed by forming a solder on an underbump metallurgy (UBM) layer and reflowing the solder.

Due to a phase change in the solder during the reflow process, anintermetallic compound (IMC) formed between the solder and the UBM layermay diffuse into lateral surfaces of the UBM layer due to wettability ofthe UBM layer, so as to be in contact with the electrode. Residualstress generated by the phase change may cause cracks in the IMC in arelatively brittle portion thereof, in contact with the electrode,whereby the solder bump may be separated from the electrode.

SUMMARY

Example embodiments may provide a plan of reducing or substantiallypreventing an occurrence of cracks in an intermetallic compound (IMC).

According to example embodiments, a semiconductor device may include alight emitting structure and second conductivity-type semiconductorlayers formed of or including AlxInyGa_((1-x-y))N, wherein x≦1, 0≦y<1,and 0≦x+y<1, and an active layer disposed between the first and secondconductivity-type semiconductor layers, and an interconnection bumpincluding an under bump metallurgy (UBM) layer disposed on an electrodeof at least one of the first and second conductivity-type semiconductorlayers, and having a first surface disposed opposite to a surface of theelectrode and a second surface extending from an edge of the firstsurface to be connected to the electrode, an intermetallic compound(IMC) disposed on the first surface of the UBM layer, a solder bumpbonded to the UBM layer with the IMC therebetween, and a barrier layerdisposed on the second surface of the UBM layer and substantiallypreventing the solder bump from being diffused into the second surfaceof the UBM layer.

A formation of the IMC or the solder bump may be absent from the barrierlayer.

The barrier layer may include an oxide layer containing at least oneelement of the UBM layer.

The barrier layer may include an oxide layer containing at least one ofnickel (Ni) and copper (Cu).

The barrier layer may have a lower level of wettability with respect tothe IMC and the solder bump than a level of wettability with respect tothe UBM layer.

The second surface of the UBM layer may have a structure slightlyinclined towards the electrode from the first surface of the UBM layer.

The second surface of the UBM layer may be substantially perpendicularto the surface of the electrode.

The UBM layer may have a multilayer structure including a titanium (Ti)layer in contact with the electrode, and a Ni layer or a Cu layerdisposed on the Ti layer.

The UBM layer may have a multilayer structure including a chromium (Cr)layer in contact with the electrode, and a Ni layer or a Cu layerdisposed on the Cr layer.

The UBM layer may have a monolayer structure formed as or including oneof a Ni layer or a Cu layer.

The semiconductor device may further include a passivation layerdisposed adjacently to the UBM layer on the electrode.

The passivation layer may be disposed to be separated from the UBM layerby being spaced apart therefrom, on the electrode.

The passivation layer may have a thickness that is lower than athickness of the UBM layer.

According to example embodiments, a semiconductor device may include alight emitting structure including a plurality of electrodes and aninterconnection bump disposed on the plurality of electrodes, whereinthe interconnection bump includes a UBM layer disposed on the electrode,the UBM layer having a first surface disposed opposite to a surface ofthe electrode and a second surface extending from an edge of the firstsurface to be connected to the electrode, an IMC disposed on the firstsurface of the UBM layer, a solder bump bonded to the UBM layer with theIMC therebetween, and a barrier layer disposed on the second surface ofthe UBM layer, the barrier layer substantially preventing the solderbump from being diffused into the second surface of the UBM layer.

The plurality of electrodes may be disposed in a single direction in thelight emitting structure.

The light emitting structure may include first and secondconductivity-type semiconductor layers formed of or includingAlxInyGa(1-x-y)N, wherein 0≦x<1, 0≦y<1, and 0≦x+y<1, and an active layerdisposed between the first and second conductivity-type semiconductorlayers.

According to example embodiments, a semiconductor device package mayinclude a package main body, a semiconductor device mounted on thepackage main body, and an encapsulating portion encapsulating thesemiconductor device.

The encapsulating portion may contain at least one type of phosphor.

According to example embodiments, a lighting apparatus may include ahousing, and at least one semiconductor device package in the housing.

The lighting apparatus may further include a cover unit installed in thehousing and encapsulating the at least one semiconductor device package.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The above and other features and advantages of example embodiments willbe more clearly understood from the following detailed description takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating aninterconnection bump of a semiconductor device according to an exampleembodiment;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a modifiedexample of the interconnection bump of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 3 through 11 are views schematically illustrating sequentialoperations in a method of manufacturing an interconnection bump of asemiconductor device according to at least one example embodiment;

FIGS. 12 through 17 are views schematically illustrating sequentialoperations in a method of manufacturing an interconnection bump of asemiconductor device according to another example embodiment;

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating asemiconductor device according to an example embodiment;

FIGS. 19 and 20 are cross-sectional views schematically illustratingexamples of applying a semiconductor device according to an exampleembodiment to a package;

FIG. 21 is a CIE 1931 color space diagram illustrating a wavelengthconverting material applicable to an example embodiment;

FIGS. 22 and 23 are cross-sectional views illustrating examples ofbacklight units using a semiconductor device according to an exampleembodiment;

FIGS. 24 and 25 are exploded perspective views illustrating examples oflighting apparatuses using a semiconductor device according to anexample embodiment;

FIGS. 26 and 27 are views schematically illustrating home networks usinga lighting system using a lighting apparatus according to an exampleembodiment; and

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, example embodiments will be described in detail withreference to the accompanying drawings.

The example embodiments may, however, be exemplified in many differentforms and should not be construed as being limited to the specificembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided forthoroughness and completeness, and fully convey the scope to thoseskilled in the art.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on,”“connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly on,connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may bepresent. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directlyon,” “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element,there are no intervening elements present. As used herein the term“and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of theassociated listed items. Further, it will be understood that when alayer is referred to as being “under” another layer, it can be directlyunder or one or more intervening layers may also be present. Inaddition, it will also be understood that when a layer is referred to asbeing “between” two layers, it can be the only layer between the twolayers, or one or more intervening layers may also be present.

It will be understood that, although the terms “first”, “second”, etc.may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions,layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layersand/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms areonly used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer orsection from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus,a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed belowcould be termed a second element, component, region, layer or sectionwithout departing from the teachings of example embodiments.

In the drawings, the shapes and dimensions of elements may beexaggerated for clarity, and the same reference numerals will be usedthroughout to designate the same or like elements. In exampleembodiments, terms such as “top surface,” “upper portion,” “edge,”“lower surface,” “below,” “lateral surface,” and the like, aredetermined based on the drawings, and in actuality, the terms may bechanged according to a direction in which a semiconductor device isdisposed in actuality.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,”“upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description todescribe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) orfeature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that thespatially relative terms are intended to encompass differentorientations of the device in use or operation in addition to theorientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in thefigures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” otherelements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elementsor features. Thus, the example term “below” can encompass both anorientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented(rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relativedescriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exampleembodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” areintended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearlyindicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms“comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification,specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations,elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence oraddition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations,elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Example embodiments are described herein with reference tocross-sectional illustrations that are schematic illustrations ofidealized embodiments (and intermediate structures) of exampleembodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations asa result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances,are to be expected. Thus, example embodiments should not be construed aslimited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but areto include deviations in shapes that result, for example, frommanufacturing. For example, an implanted region illustrated as arectangle will, typically, have rounded or curved features and/or agradient of implant concentration at its edges rather than a binarychange from implanted to non-implanted region. Likewise, a buried regionformed by implantation may result in some implantation in the regionbetween the buried region and the surface through which the implantationtakes place. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematicin nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the actualshape of a region of a device and are not intended to limit the scope ofexample embodiments.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. Itwill be further understood that terms, such as those defined incommonly-used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaningthat is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant artand will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal senseunless expressly so defined herein. As used herein, expressions such as“at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entirelist of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

Although corresponding plan views and/or perspective views of somecross-sectional view(s) may not be shown, the cross-sectional view(s) ofdevice structures illustrated herein provide support for a plurality ofdevice structures that extend along two different directions as would beillustrated in a plan view, and/or in three different directions aswould be illustrated in a perspective view. The two different directionsmay or may not be orthogonal to each other. The three differentdirections may include a third direction that may be orthogonal to thetwo different directions. The plurality of device structures may beintegrated in a same electronic device. For example, when a devicestructure (e.g., a memory cell structure or a transistor structure) isillustrated in a cross-sectional view, an electronic device may includea plurality of the device structures (e.g., memory cell structures ortransistor structures), as would be illustrated by a plan view of theelectronic device. The plurality of device structures may be arranged inan array and/or in a two-dimensional pattern.

Hereinafter, an interconnection bump of a semiconductor device accordingto an example embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1.FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating aninterconnection bump of a semiconductor device according to an exampleembodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1, an interconnection bump 1 of a semiconductor deviceaccording to an example embodiment may include an under bump metallurgy(UBM) layer 10, an intermetallic compound (IMC) 20, a solder bump 30,and barrier layers 40, and may further include a passivation layer 50.

The UBM layer 10 may increase interfacial bonding strength between anelectrode A of the semiconductor device and the solder bump 30, and mayalso provide an electrical path. In addition, the UBM layer 10 mayreduce or substantially prevent solder material from diffusing into theelectrode during a reflow process. That is, an element forming thesolder may be substantially prevented from permeating into the electrodeA.

The UBM layer 10 may have a first surface 10 a disposed opposite to asurface of the electrode A and in contact with the IMC 20 on an upperportion of the electrode A, and second surfaces 10 b extending fromedges of the first surface 10 a, respectively, to be connected to theelectrode A.

The first surface 10 a may have an overall flat structure, and maydefine a top surface of the UBM layer 10. The second surfaces 10 b mayhave a structure slightly inclined towards the electrode A from thefirst surface 10 a, and may define lateral surfaces of the UBM layer 10.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a modifiedexample of the aforementioned interconnection bump. As illustrated inFIG. 2, a UBM layer 10′ may have a structure in which second surfaces 10d of the UBM layer 10′ extend vertically towards the electrode A from afirst surface 10 c of the UBM layer 10′.

The UBM layer 10 may be formed of or include a metallic materialelectrically connected to the electrode A.

For example, the UBM layer 10 may have a multilayer structure includinga titanium (Ti) layer 11 in contact with the electrode A and a nickel(Ni) layer 12 disposed on the Ti layer 11. In addition, although notillustrated, the UBM layer 10 may have a multilayer structure includinga copper (Cu) layer disposed on the Ti layer 11, in lieu of the Ni layer12.

Although the example embodiment illustrates the UBM layer 10 having amultilayer structure of Ti—Ni, the type of layers to be included in themultilayer structure of the UBM layer 10 is not limited thereto. Forexample, the UBM layer 10 may have a multilayer structure including achromium (Cr) layer in contact with the electrode A and a Ni layerdisposed on the Cr layer, or a multilayer structure including a Cr layerand a Cu layer disposed on the Cr layer.

In addition, although the example embodiment illustrates the UBM layer10 having a multilayer structure, the type of structure of the UBM layer10 is not limited thereto. For example, the UBM layer 10 may have amonolayer structure formed as or including one of a Ni layer and a Culayer.

For example, the UBM layer 10 may be formed via a sputtering process, ane-beam deposition process, or a plating process.

The IMC 20 may be formed on the first surface 10 a of the UBM layer 10.The IMC 20 may be formed during a reflow process in which the solderbump 30 is formed. The IMC 20 may be formed via a reaction between anelement within the solder, for example, tin (Sn), and a metal in the UBMlayer 10, for example, Ni, and may form a Sn—Ni binary alloy.

The solder bump 30 may be bonded to the UBM layer 10 with the IMC 20therebetween. That is, the solder bump 30 may be firmly bonded to theUBM layer 10 by the IMC 20 serving as a type of adhesive.

The solder bump 30 may be formed by reflowing the solder disposed on theUBM layer 10. For example, a general alloy material such as SAC305(Sn₉₆5Ag_(3.0)Cu_(0.5)) may be used as the solder.

The barrier layers 40 may cover the second surfaces 10 b of the UBMlayer 10, respectively.

The barrier layers 40 may minimize a level of wettability thereof withrespect to the solder bump 30, and may substantially prevent the IMC 20and the solder bump 30 from diffusing or overflowing into the secondsurfaces 10 b. Such reduction or substantial prevention may be achievedby providing a material of the barrier layer 40 to have a sufficientlylow level of wettability with respect to the IMC 20 and the solder bump30. Accordingly, the IMC 20 or the solder bump 30 may not be formed onthe barrier layer 40.

The barrier layer 40 may be an oxide layer containing at least oneelement of the UBM layer 10. For example, the barrier layer 40 may be anoxide layer containing at least one of Ni and Cu.

The barrier layers 40 may be formed by oxidizing the second surfaces 10b of the UBM layer 10, and for example, may be formed by oxidizing thesecond surfaces 10 b of the UBM layer 10 by performing a thermaloxidation process or a plasma oxidation process.

The passivation layer 50 may be disposed adjacently to the UBM layer 10on the electrode A. For example, the passivation layer 50 may be formedof or include an oxide or a nitride such as silicon dioxide (SiO2) orsilicon nitride (SiN).

The passivation layer 50 may be disposed so as not to be in contact withthe UBM layer 10 through being spaced apart therefrom, on the electrodeA. In addition, the passivation layer 50 may have a thin film structure,and may have a thickness lower than a thickness of the UBM layer 10.That is, the first surface 10 a of the UBM layer 10 may be disposed tobe higher than a top surface of the passivation layer 50, based on thesurface of the electrode A.

Although the example embodiment illustrates the passivation layer 50being disposed adjacently to the UBM layer 10, the disposition of thepassivation layer 50 is not limited thereto. The passivation layer 50may be selectively provided. Accordingly, in example embodiments, thepassivation layer 50 may be omitted.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing an interconnection bump of asemiconductor device according to an example embodiment will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 3 through 11. FIGS. 3 through 11 areviews schematically illustrating sequential operations in a method ofmanufacturing an interconnection bump of a semiconductor deviceaccording to an example embodiment.

FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an operation of forming the passivationlayer 50 on the electrode A of the semiconductor device.

For example, the passivation layer 50 may be formed of or include anoxide or a nitride such as SiO₂ or SiN, and may have a thin filmstructure in which a thickness thereof is in a range of about 10angstroms (Å) to 20,000 Å. Although the passivation layer 50 maysubstantially entirely cover a surface of the electrode A, the formationof the passivation layer 50 is not limited thereto.

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an operation of forming a photoresistpattern 60 in which a solder bump forming area is open, on thepassivation layer 50.

The photoresist pattern 60 may be provided with an opening 61 partiallyexposing the passivation layer 50 to the solder bump forming area. Here,the solder bump forming area may be defined as an area occupied by thesolder bump and an area adjacent thereto.

The photoresist pattern 60 may have an overhang structure in whichlateral surfaces of the opening 61 are downwardly recessed towards thepassivation layer 50 such that an inner area of the opening 61 isincreased downwardly. That is, the opening 61 may have a structure inwhich an area of the opening 61 in a top surface of the photoresistpattern 60 is increased downwardly towards a lower surface of thephotoresist pattern 60 in contact with the passivation layer 50.

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an operation of etching a portion ofthe passivation layer 50 exposed through the opening 61 of thephotoresist pattern 60 and removing the portion of the passivation layer50. Through this, the solder bump forming area of the electrode A may beexposed.

For example, the passivation layer 50 may be removed by performing a wetetching process. In this instance, the portion of the passivation layer50 exposed through the opening 61 and portions of the passivation layer50 below the photoresist pattern 60 may be removed.

FIG. 6 schematically illustrates an operation of forming the UBM layerin the solder bump forming area of the electrode A.

The UBM layer 10 may be disposed on the electrode A exposed through theopening 61, and may have the first surface 10 a disposed opposite to asurface of the electrode A and the second surfaces 10 b extending fromthe edges of the first surface 10 a, respectively, to be connected tothe electrode A.

The first surface 10 a may have an overall flat structure, and maydefine the top surface of the UBM layer 10. The second surfaces 10 b maybe slightly inclined towards the electrode A from the first surface 10a, and may define the lateral surfaces of the UBM layer 10.

For example, the UBM layer 10 may be formed via a sputtering process.Accordingly, a material forming the UBM layer 10 may be deposited on thesurface of the electrode A through the opening 61 of the photoresistpattern 60 to form a film provided as the UBM layer 10. In detail, sincethe opening 61 has the overhang structure, the material may be depositedwhile extending onto a portion of area facing a portion of a lowersurface of the photoresist pattern 60 to form the UBM layer 10 having aprotruding structure in a slightly inclined manner.

In addition, the material forming the UBM layer 10 may be deposited onthe top surface of the photoresist pattern 60 and the lateral surfacesof the opening 61 of the photoresist pattern 60 to form the filmprovided as the UBM layer 10.

FIG. 7 schematically illustrates an operation of forming an anti-oxidantlayer 70 on the first surface 10 a, that is, the top surface of the UBMlayer 10.

The anti-oxidant layer 70 may be formed of or include gold (Au) or an Aualloy. For example, the anti-oxidant layer 70 may cover the firstsurface 10 a of the UBM layer 10 and the photoresist pattern 60 byperforming a film-forming process such as a sputtering process or aplating process.

FIG. 8 schematically illustrates an operation of removing thephotoresist pattern 60 from the passivation layer 50. For example, thephotoresist pattern 60 may be removed by performing a lift-off process.

FIG. 9 schematically illustrates an operation of forming the barrierlayers 40 on the second surfaces 10 b of the UBM layer 10, respectively.

For example, the barrier layers 40 may be formed by oxidizing surfacesof the UBM layer 10, respectively, by injecting oxygen thereinto andperforming a thermal oxidation process or a plasma oxidation processthereon. In this instance, since the first surface 10 a, that is, thetop surface of the UBM layer 10, is protected by the anti-oxidant layer70, the second surfaces 10 b, that is, the lateral surfaces of the UBMlayer 10 exposed externally, may be oxidized to form the barrier layers40 covering the second surfaces 10 b, respectively.

The barrier layer 40 may be an oxide layer containing at least one of Niand Cu formed by oxidizing the second surface 10 b of the UBM layer 10.For example, the barrier layer 40 may include a NiO thin film or a CuOthin film.

FIGS. 10 and 11 schematically illustrate operations of forming thesolder bump 30 on the UBM layer 10. The solder bump 30 may be formed byforming a solder 30 a on the UBM layer 10 and reflowing the solder 30 a.

As illustrated in FIG. 10, the solder 30 a may be formed on theanti-oxidant layer 70 covering the top surface of the UBM layer 10. Forexample, the solder 30 a may be formed via a screen printing process.

As illustrated in FIG. 11, the IMC 20 may be formed between the solderbump 30 and the UBM layer 10 by reflowing the solder 30 a. The solderbump 30 may be formed on the UBM layer 10 with the IMC 20 therebetween.

The anti-oxidant layer 70 may flow into the solder bump 30 during thereflow process to form an element of the solder bump 30.

The IMC 20 may form a Sn—Ni binary alloy obtained through melting aportion of the UBM layer 10 and a portion of the solder 30 a. In thisinstance, diffusion of the solder bump 30 including the IMC 20 into thelateral surfaces of the UBM layer 10, that is, the second surfaces 10 b,may be reduced or substantially prevented. Accordingly, the solder bump30 including the IMC 20 may only be formed on the top surface of the UBMlayer 10.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing an interconnection bump of asemiconductor device according to another example embodiment may bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 12 through 17 along with FIGS. 3through 5. FIGS. 12 through 17 are views schematically illustratingsequential operations in a method of manufacturing an interconnectionbump of a semiconductor device according to another example embodiment.

Since a description of the operations of forming the passivation layer50 on the electrode A of the semiconductor device, forming thephotoresist pattern 60 in which the solder bump forming area is open, onthe passivation layer 50, and partially etching the passivation layer 50and exposing the solder bump forming area of the electrode A isdisclosed in FIGS. 3 through 5, a repeated description thereof will beomitted. Hereinafter, as illustrated in FIG. 5, a description ofconducting the method of manufacturing the interconnection bump in astate in which the solder bump forming area is open will be provided.

FIG. 12 schematically illustrates an operation of forming the UBM layer10′ in the solder bump forming area of the electrode A.

The UBM layer 10′ may be disposed on the electrode A exposed through theopening 61, and may have the first surface 10 c disposed opposite to thesurface of the electrode A and the second surfaces 10 d extending fromedges of the first surface 10 c to be connected to the electrode A.

The first surface 10 c may have an overall flat structure, and maydefine a top surface of the UBM layer 10′. The second surfaces 10 d mayhave a structure that is substantially perpendicular to the surface ofthe electrode A, and may define lateral surfaces of the UBM layer 10′.

For example, the UBM layer 10′ may be formed via an e-beam depositionprocess. Alternatively, the UBM layer 10′ may be formed via a platingprocess, and a material forming the UBM layer 10′ may be deposited tohave rectilinear characteristics or may be formed via a depositionprocess to have a low level of fluidity on a deposition surface, ascompared to the example embodiment described above with reference toFIG. 6. Accordingly, in a manner dissimilar to that of the UBM layer 10according to the example embodiment of FIG. 6, the UBM layer 10′according to the example embodiment may have a structure or alongitudinal direction that is substantially perpendicular to thesurface of the electrode A.

FIG. 13 schematically illustrates an operation of forming theanti-oxidant layer 70 on the first surface 10 c, that is, the topsurface of the UBM layer 10′.

The anti-oxidant layer 70 may be formed of or include Au or an Au alloy.For example, the anti-oxidant layer 70 may cover the first surface 10 cof the UBM layer 10′ and the photoresist pattern 60 by performing afilm-forming process such as a sputtering process or a plating process.

FIG. 14 schematically illustrates an operation of removing thephotoresist pattern 60 from the passivation layer 50. For example, thephotoresist pattern 60 may be removed by performing a lift-off process.

FIG. 15 schematically illustrates an operation of forming the barrierlayers 40 on the second surfaces 10 d of the UBM layer 10′,respectively.

For example, the barrier layers 40 may be formed by oxidizing surfacesof the UBM layer 10′ by injecting oxygen thereinto and performing athermal oxidation process or a plasma oxidation process. In thisinstance, the first surface 10 c, that is, the top surface of the UBMlayer 10′, may be protected by the anti-oxidant layer 70, and thus thesecond surfaces 10 d, that is, the lateral surfaces of the UBM layer 10′exposed externally, may be oxidized to form the barrier layers 40covering the second surfaces 10 d, respectively.

The barrier layer 40 may be an oxide layer containing at least one of Niand Cu formed by oxidizing the second surface 10 d of the UBM layer 10′.For example, the barrier layer 40 may include a NiO thin film or a CuOthin film.

FIGS. 16 and 17 schematically illustrate operations of forming thesolder bump 30 on the UBM layer 10′. The solder bump 30 may be formed byforming the solder 30 a on the UBM layer 10′ and reflowing the solder 30a.

As illustrated in FIG. 16, the solder 30 a may be formed on theanti-oxidant layer 70 covering the top surface of the UBM layer 10′. Forexample, the solder 30 a may be formed via a screen printing process.

As illustrated in FIG. 17, the IMC 20 may be formed between the solderbump 30 and the UBM layer 10′ by reflowing the solder 30 a. The solderbump 30 may be formed on the UBM layer 10′ with the IMC 20 therebetween.

Hereinafter, a semiconductor device provided with an interconnectionbump according to an example embodiment will be described with referenceto FIG. 18. FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustratinga semiconductor device according to an example embodiment.

For example, the semiconductor device may be a light emitting diode(LED) chip emitting light having a desired, or alternativelypredetermined wavelength. In addition, the semiconductor LED chip may bea logic semiconductor chip or a memory semiconductor chip. The logicsemiconductor chip may be a micro-processor, for example, a centralprocessing unit (CPU), a controller, or an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC). Further, the memory semiconductor chip may bea volatile memory such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) or astatic random access memory (SRAM), or a non-volatile memory such as aflash memory. In the example embodiment, a case in which thesemiconductor device is an LED chip will be described.

Referring to FIG. 18, a semiconductor device 100 according to an exampleembodiment may include a light emitting structure 110, a firstinsulating layer 120, an electrode layer 130, a second insulating layer140, and an interconnection bump 150.

The light emitting structure 110 may have a structure in which aplurality of semiconductor layers are stacked, and may include a firstconductivity-type semiconductor layer 111, an active layer 112, and asecond conductivity-type semiconductor layer 113 which are sequentiallystacked on a substrate 101.

The substrate 101 may have a top surface extending in x and ydirections. The substrate 101 may be provided as a semiconductor growthsubstrate, and may use insulating, conductive, and semiconductormaterials, such as sapphire, silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC),magnesium aluminate (MgAl₂O₄), magnesium oxide (MgO), lithium aluminate(LiAlO₂), lithium gallium oxide (LiGaO₂), GaN, or the like.

A plurality of uneven, concave or patterned structures 102 may be formedon the top surface of the substrate 101, that is, a surface on which thesemiconductor layers are grown. The uneven, concave or patternedstructure 102 may enhance crystallinity of the semiconductor layers andlight emission efficiency. In the example embodiment, the substrate 101is exemplified as having a dome shape; however, the shape of the uneven,concave or patterned structure 102 is not limited thereto. For example,the uneven, concave or patterned structure 102 may have various shapessuch as a rectangular shape or a triangular shape. In addition, theuneven, concave or patterned structure 102 may be selectively formed andprovided; therefore, the structure 102 may also be omitted.

On the other hand, according to example embodiments, the substrate 101may be subsequently removed. That is, the substrate 101 may be providedas a growth substrate for growing the first conductivity-typesemiconductor layer 111, the active layer 112, and the secondconductivity-type semiconductor layer 113, and may be removed by aseparation process. The substrate 101 may be separated from thesemiconductor layer by a laser lift-off (LLO) process, a chemicallift-off (CLO) process, or the like.

The first conductivity-type semiconductor layer 111 stacked on thesubstrate 101 may be formed of or include a semiconductor doped withn-type impurities, and may be an n-type nitride semiconductor layer. Thesecond conductivity-type semiconductor layer 113 may be formed of orinclude a semiconductor doped with p-type impurities, and may be ap-type nitride semiconductor layer. However, according to exampleembodiments, positions of the first and second conductivity-typesemiconductor layer 111 and 113 may be interchanged so as to be stacked.For example, the first and second conductivity-type semiconductor layers111 and 113 may have a composition of AlxInyGa_(1-x-y)N, wherein 0≦x≦1,0≦y≦1, 0≦x+y≦1, for example, a material such as gallium nitride (GaN),aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN), indium gallium nitride (InGaN), oraluminum indium gallium nitride AlInGaN.

The active layer 112 disposed between the first and secondconductivity-type semiconductor layers 111 and 113 may emit light havinga desired, or alternatively predetermined level of energy throughrecombination of electrons and holes. The active layer 112 may include amaterial having an energy bandgap smaller than the energy bandgaps ofthe first and second conductivity-type semiconductor layers 111 and 113.For example, in a case in which the first and second conductivity-typesemiconductor layers 111 and 113 are a GaN-based compound semiconductor,the active layer 112 may include an InGaN-based compound semiconductorhaving an energy bandgap smaller than an energy bandgap of GaN. Inaddition, the active layer 112 may have a multi-quantum well (MQW)structure in which a plurality of quantum wells and a plurality ofquantum barriers are stacked in an alternating manner, for example, anInGaN/GaN structure. However, the structure of the active layer 112 isnot limited thereto, and the active layer 112 may have a single quantumwell (SQW) structure in which a single quantum well and a single quantumbarrier are stacked.

The light emitting structure 110 may include an etched portion E inwhich the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer 113, the activelayer 112, and portions of the first conductivity-type semiconductorlayer 111 are etched, respectively, and a plurality of mesa portions Mpartially demarcated by the etched portion E.

A first contact electrode 114 may be disposed on a top surface of thefirst conductivity-type semiconductor layer 111 exposed to the etchedportion E to be connected to the first conductivity-type semiconductorlayer 111, and a second contact electrode 115 may be disposed on a topsurface of the plurality of mesa portions M to be connected to thesecond conductivity-type semiconductor layer 113.

On the other hand, to cover the active layer 112 exposed to the etchedportion E, a passivation layer 110 a formed of or including aninsulating material may be provided on a lateral surface of the mesaportion M. However, the passivation layer 110 a may be selectivelyprovided, and may be omitted according to example embodiments.

The first insulating layer 120 may be provided on the light emittingstructure 110 to entirely cover the light emitting structure 110. Thefirst insulating layer 120 may be basically formed of or include amaterial having insulating characteristics, and may be formed of orinclude inorganic or organic materials. For example, the firstinsulating layer 120 may be formed of or include an epoxy-basedinsulating resin. In addition, the first insulating layer 120 mayinclude a silicon oxide or silicon nitride, for example, SiO₂, SiN,SiOxNy, TiO₂, Si₃N₄, Al₂O₃, TiN, AlN, ZrO₂, TiAlN, or TiSiN.

The first insulating layer 120 may be provided with a plurality of firstopenings 121 disposed on the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer111 exposed to the etched portion E, and the second conductivity-typesemiconductor layer 113, respectively. In detail, the first opening 121may have a structure in which the first contact electrode 114 and thesecond contact electrode 115 are partially exposed on the first andsecond conductivity-type semiconductor layers 111 and 113, respectively.

The electrode layer 130 may be provided on the first insulating layer120, and may be electrically connected to at least one of, or each of,the first and second conductivity-type semiconductor layers 111 and 113.

The electrode layer 130 may be insulated from the first and secondconductivity-type semiconductor layers 111 and 113 by the firstinsulating layer 120 entirely covering the top surface of the lightemitting structure 110. In addition, the electrode layer 130 may beconnected to the first and second conductivity-type semiconductor layers111 and 113 through being connected to the first and second contactelectrodes 114 and 115 exposed externally through the first openings121.

The electrical connection between the first and second conductivity-typesemiconductor layers 111 and 113 and the electrode layer 130 may beadjusted in various manners by the first openings 121 provided in thefirst insulating layer 120. For example, the electrical connectionbetween the first and second conductivity-type semiconductor layers 111and 113 and the electrode layer 130 may be adjusted in various mannersbased on the number and a disposition of the first openings 121.

The electrode layer 130 may be provided in at least a pair forelectrical insulation between the first and second conductivity-typesemiconductor layers 111 and 113. That is, a first electrode layer 131may be electrically connected to the first conductivity-typesemiconductor layer 111, a second electrode layer 132 may beelectrically connected to the second conductivity-type semiconductorlayer 113, and the first and second electrode layers 131 and 132 may beseparated from one another to be electrically insulated.

The electrode layer 130 may be formed of or include a material includingat least one of a material such as Au, W, Pt, Si, Ir, Ag, Cu, Ni, Ti,Cr, and an alloy thereof.

The second insulating layer 140 may be provided on the electrode layer130, and may entirely cover the electrode layer 130 for protectionthereof. The second insulating layer 140 may be provided with a secondopening 141 partially exposing the electrode layer 130.

The second opening 141 may include a plurality of openings to partiallyexpose the first and second electrode layers 131 and 132, respectively.In this instance, the second opening 141 may be disposed so as not tooverlap the first opening 121 of the first insulating layer 120. Thatis, the second opening 141 may not be vertically disposed on an upperportion of the first opening 121.

The second insulating layer 140 may be formed of or include a materialthe same as that of the first insulating layer 120.

The interconnection bump 150 may include a first bump 151 and a secondbump 152, and the first and second bumps 151 and 152 may be provided onthe first and second electrode layers 131 and 132, which are partiallyexposed through the second openings 141, respectively. The first andsecond bumps 151 and 152 may be electrically connected to the first andsecond conductivity-type semiconductor layers 111 and 113 throughelectrode layer 130. The first and second bumps 151 and 152 may bedisposed in a single direction on the light emitting structure 110.

At least one of the first and second bumps 151 and 152 may include UBMlayers 151 a and 152 a provided on the first and second electrode layers131 and 132, IMCs 151 b and 152 b, solder bumps 151 c and 152 c, andbarrier layers 151 d and 152 d.

The first and second bumps 151 and 152 may include a single bump or aplurality of bumps. The number and a disposition structure of the firstand second bumps 151 and 152 may be adjusted by the second openings 141.

The aforementioned interconnection bump 150 may have a basicconfiguration and a structure substantially identical to those of theinterconnection bump 1 disclosed in FIGS. 1 and 2, and thus, a detaileddescription thereof will be omitted.

FIGS. 19 and 20 are cross-sectional views schematically illustratingexamples of applying a semiconductor device according to an exampleembodiment to a package.

Referring to FIG. 19, a semiconductor device package 1000 may include asemiconductor device 100, a package main body 200, a pair of lead frames300, and an encapsulating portion 400. Here, the semiconductor device100 may be the semiconductor device 100 of FIG. 18, and a descriptionthereof will be omitted.

The semiconductor device 100 may be mounted on the lead frames 300, andmay be electrically connected to the lead frames 300 through solderbumps.

The pair of lead frames 300 may include a first lead frame 310 and asecond lead frame 320. Referring to FIG. 19, the first and second bumps151 and 152 of the semiconductor device 100 may be connected to thefirst and second lead frames 310 and 320 through the solder bumps 151 cand 152 c interposed between the first and second bumps 151 and 152 andthe pair of lead frames 300, respectively.

The solder bumps 151 c and 152 c may be bonded to the first and secondlead frames 310 and 320 by a reflow process. In this instance, thesolder bump 151 c including the IMC 151 b may not be diffused intolateral surfaces of the UBM layer 151 a by the barrier layers 151 d, andthe solder bump 152 c including the IMC 152 b may not be diffused intolateral surfaces of the UBM layer 152 a by the barrier layers 152 d, asreferred in FIG. 18.

The package main body 200 may be provided with a reflective cup 210 toenhance light reflection efficiency and light extraction efficiency. Inthe reflective cup 210, an encapsulating portion 400 formed of orincluding a light transmissive material may encapsulate thesemiconductor device 100.

Referring to FIG. 20, a semiconductor device package 200 may include asemiconductor device 500, a mounting substrate 600, and an encapsulatingportion 700. Here, the semiconductor device 500 may be the semiconductordevice 100 of FIG. 18, and thus a description thereof will be omitted.

The semiconductor device 500 may be mounted on the mounting substrate600 to be electrically connected to first and second circuit patterns610 and 620.

Referring to FIG. 20, first and second bumps 551 and 552 of thesemiconductor device 500 may be connected to the first and secondcircuit patterns 610 and 620 through solder bumps 551 c and 552 cinterposed between the first and second bumps 551 and 552 and the firstand second circuit patterns 610 and 620, respectively.

The semiconductor device 500 may be encapsulated by the encapsulatingportion 700. Through this, a package structure in a chip on board (COB)type may be provided.

The mounting substrate 600 may be provided as a substrate such as aprinted circuit board (PCB), a metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB),a multilayer printed circuit board (MPCB), or a flexible printed circuitboard (FPCB), and a structure of the mounting substrate 600 may beapplied in various manners.

On the other hand, wavelength converting materials may be contained inthe encapsulating portions 400 and 700. For example, the wavelengthconverting material may contain at least one type of phosphor emittinglight through being excited by light generated by the semiconductordevices 100 and 500 so as to emit light having a wavelength differentfrom the light generated by the semiconductor devices 100 and 500.Accordingly, the emission of light may be controlled to have differentcolors including white light.

For example, in a case in which the semiconductor devices 100 and 500emit blue light, white light may be emitted through a combinationthereof with yellow, green, and red and/or orange phosphors. Also, thesemiconductor devices 100 and 500 may be configured to include at leastone LED chip emitting purple, blue, green, red, or infrared (IR) light.For example, the semiconductor device packages 1000 and 2000 may adjusta color rendering index (CRI) in a range from a level of light with aCRI of 40 to a level of light with a CRI of 100, and may generatevarious types of white light having a color temperature in a range ofabout 2,000K to 20,000K. Also, the color may be adjusted by generatingvisible purple, blue, green, red, orange light, or IR light,corresponding to a surrounding atmosphere or desired mood, as necessary.Also, light from within a desired, or alternatively predeterminedwavelength known to stimulate plant growth may be generated.

White light generated by combining yellow, green, and red phosphors witha blue LED and/or combining at least one of a green LED and a red LEDtherewith may have two or more peak wavelengths, and may be positionedin a segment linking (x, y) coordinates of (0.4476, 0.4074), (0.3484,0.3516), (0.3101, 0.3162), (0.3128, 0.3292), and (0.3333, 0.3333) in theCIE 1931 color space illustrated in FIG. 21. Alternatively, the whitelight may be positioned in an area surrounded by the segment and a blackbody radiation spectrum. The color temperature of the white light may bein a range of 2,000K to 20,000K.

Phosphors applicable to the example embodiment may have a compositionand a color as follows.

Oxide-based phosphors: yellow and green Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce, Tb₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce,Lu₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce

Silicate-based phosphors: yellow and green (Ba, Sr)₂SiO₄:Eu, yellow andorange (Ba,Sr)₃SiO₅:Ce

Nitride-based phosphors: green β-SiAlON:Eu, yellow La₃Si₆N₁₁:Ce, orangeα-SiAlON:Eu, red CaAlSiN₃:Eu, Sr²Si₅N₈:Eu, SrSiAl₄N₇:Eu, SrLiAl₃N₄:Eu,Ln₄-x(EuzM₁-z)xSi₁₂-yAlyO₃+x+yN₁₈-x-y (0.5≦x≦3, 0<z<0.3, 0<y≦4), whereLn denotes an element selected from the group consisting of or includingIIIA group elements and rare earth elements, and M denotes at least oneelement selected from the group consisting of or including calcium (Ca),barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and magnesium (Mg).

Fluoride-based phosphors: KSF red K₂SiF₆:Mn⁴⁺, K₂TiF₆:Mn⁴⁺, NaYF₄:Mn⁴⁺,NaGdF₄:Mn⁴⁺.

In general, phosphor compositions need to conform to Stoichiometricrequirements, and each element may be substituted with a differentelement within the same group in the periodic table of elements. Forexample, Sr may be substituted with Ba, Ca, Mg, or the like, in thealkaline earth metal group II while yttrium (Y) may be substituted withterbium (Tb), lutetium (Lu), scandium (Sc), gadolinium (Gd), or thelike, in the lanthanide group. Also, europium (Eu), or the like, anactivator, may be substituted with cerium (Ce), Tb, praseodymium (Pr),erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb), or the like, based on a desired energylevel. In addition, the activator may be used alone, or a co-activator,or the like, may be further included to change characteristics.

Further, a material such as a QD may be used as a phosphor substitutematerial, or the phosphor and the QD may be used in combination oralone.

The QD may have a structure including a core such as cadmium selenide(CdSe) and indium phosphide (InP) having a diameter of about 3 to 10nanometers (nm), a shell such as zinc sulfide (ZnS) and zinc selenide(ZnSe) having a thickness of about 0.5 to 2 nm, and a ligand forstabilizing the core and the shell, and may provide various colors basedon the size thereof.

FIGS. 22 and 23 are cross-sectional views illustrating examples ofbacklight units using semiconductor devices according to exampleembodiments.

Referring to FIG. 22, a backlight unit 3000 may include a light source3001 mounted on a substrate 3002, and at least one optical sheet 3003disposed thereabove. As the light source 3001, the semiconductor devicepackage having the structure described above with reference to FIGS. 19and 20 or a same or similar structure thereto may be used, or asemiconductor device may be directly mounted on the substrate 3002 in aso-called COB type manner.

The light source 3001 in the back light unit 3000 illustrated in FIG. 22may emit light upwardly in a direction in which a liquid crystal display(LCD) device is disposed. However, in a back light unit 4000 of anotherexample illustrated in FIG. 23, alight source 4001 mounted on asubstrate 4002 may emit light in a lateral direction such that theemitted light may be incident onto a light guiding panel 4003 to beconverted into a form of a surface light source. Light, having passedthrough the light guiding panel 4003, may be dissipated upwardly, and areflective layer 4004 may be disposed below the light guiding panel 4003to improve light extraction efficiency.

FIGS. 24 and 25 are exploded perspective views illustrating examples oflighting apparatuses using semiconductor devices according to exampleembodiments.

Referring to FIG. 24, a lighting apparatus 5000 is illustrated as abulb-type lamp, and may include a light emitting module 5010, a drivingunit 5020, and an external connection unit 5030. In addition, thelighting apparatus 5000 may further include an outer structure such asan external housing 5040, an internal housing 5050, and a cover unit5060.

The light emitting module 5010 may include a semiconductor device 5011having a structure identical to or similar to the semiconductor device100 of FIG. 18 and a circuit substrate 5012 on which the semiconductordevice 5011 is mounted. In the example embodiment, an example in which asingle semiconductor device 5011 is mounted on the circuit substrate5012 is exemplified; however, as necessary, a plurality of semiconductordevices may be mounted thereon. Further, the semiconductor device 5011may not be mounted directly on the circuit substrate 5012, and may bemounted thereon subsequently to being manufactured in the package formillustrated in FIGS. 19 and 20.

The external housing 5040 may serve as a heat dissipation unit, and mayinclude a heat dissipation plate 5041 indirect contact with the lightemitting module 5010 to enhance heat dissipation effects, and heatdissipation fins 5042 surrounding a side surface of the external housing5040. The cover unit 5060 may be mounted on the light emitting module5010, and may have a convex lens shape. The driving unit 5020 may beinstalled in the internal housing 5050, and may be connected to theexternal connection unit 5030 such as a socket structure to be suppliedwith power externally. Also, the driving unit 5020 may convert powerinto an appropriate current source for driving the semiconductor device5011 of the light emitting module 5010, and may provide the convertedcurrent source. For example, the driving unit 5020 may be configured ofan alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) converter, or a rectifiercircuit component.

Further, although not illustrated, the lighting apparatus 5000 mayfurther include a communications module.

Referring to FIG. 25, a lighting apparatus 6000 may be illustrated as abar-type lamp by way of example, and may include a light emitting module6010, a body unit 6020, a cover unit 6030, an a terminal unit 6040.

The light emitting module 6010 may include a substrate 6012 and aplurality of semiconductor devices 6011 mounted on the substrate 6012.The semiconductor device 6011 may be the semiconductor device 100 ofFIG. 18 or the semiconductor device packages 1000 and 2000 of FIGS. 19and 20.

The light emitting module 6010 may be mounted on and fixed to onesurface of the body unit 6020 by a recess 6021, and may externallydissipate heat generated from the light emitting module 6010.Accordingly, the body unit 6020 may include a heat sink as a type of asupport structure, and may include a plurality of heat dissipating fins6022 used for dissipating heat provided on both lateral surfaces of thebody unit 6020 while protruding therefrom.

The cover unit 6030 may be fastened to a fastening groove 6023 of thebody unit 6020, and may have a semicircular curved surface to allowlight to be uniformly dissipated externally. A protrusion portion 6031engaged with the fastening groove 6023 of the housing 6020 may be formedon a bottom surface of the cover unit 6030 in a length direction of thebody unit 6020.

The terminal unit 6040 may be provided in an open end portion of thebody unit 6020 in the length direction thereof, and may supply power tothe light emitting module 6010. The terminal unit 6040 may include anoutwardly protruding electrode pin 6041.

FIGS. 26 and 27 are views schematically illustrating home networks usinglighting systems using a lighting apparatus according to an exampleembodiment.

As illustrated in FIG. 26, a home network may include a home wirelessrouter 7000, a gateway hub 7010, a ZigBee module 7020, alightingapparatus 7030, a garage door lock 7040, a wireless door lock 7050, ahome application 7060, a mobile phone 7070, switches installed on a wall7080, and a cloud computing network 7090.

Wireless home communication, for example, ZigBee or wireless fidelity(Wi-Fi) may be used to automatically adjust a level of brightness of thelighting apparatus 7030 based on circumstances/conditions in interiorspaces such as bedrooms, living rooms, a front door, storage rooms, oran operational status of electric home appliances.

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 27, a level of brightness of alighting apparatus 8020B may be adjusted using a gateway 8010 and aZigBee module 8020A based on a genre of program airing on a television(TV) 8030 or a level of brightness of a screen of the TV 8030. Forexample, when a drama is being broadcast, requiring a cozy atmosphere,the lighting apparatus may adjust a color tone to lower a colortemperature below 5,000K. As a further example, in a case in which acomedy program is being broadcast, requiring a relatively casualatmosphere, the lighting apparatus may adjust a color temperature toabove 5,000K, and may adjust a color thereof to have white light in ablue tone.

In addition, a level of brightness of the lighting apparatus 8020B maybe controlled by a mobile phone 8040 using a gateway 8010 and a ZigBeemodule 8020A.

The aforementioned ZigBee modules 7020 and 8020A may be modularized tobe integrated with an optical sensor, and may be integrated with thelighting apparatus.

Visible light wireless communication technology may be wirelesscommunication technology wirelessly transferring information using lighthaving a wavelength band of visible light visually recognizable by thenaked eye. Such visible light wireless communication technology may bedistinguished from conventional wired optical communication technologyand infrared (IR) wireless communication technology in that visiblelight wireless communication technology uses light having a wavelengthband of visible light, that is, a desired, or alternativelypredetermined visible light frequency from the semiconductor devicepackage described in the aforementioned example embodiments, and may bedistinguished from wired optical communication technology in thatvisible light wireless communication technology has a wirelesscommunication environment. In addition, visible light wirelesscommunication technology may also be distinguished by advantages such asconvenience of a free access of use without regulations or permission interms of a frequency use unlike radio frequency (RF) wirelesscommunication, excellent security, and visual recognizability by a uservisually verifying a communication link, and more particularly,convergence technology capable of contemporaneously obtaining a uniquepurpose as a light source and a communications function.

Meanwhile, the lighting apparatus using the LED device may be utilizedas interior and exterior vehicle light sources. Such an interior vehiclelight source may be used as a vehicle interior light, a reading light, adash light, or the like. Such an exterior vehicle light source may beused for all types of external lights, such as a headlight, a brakelight, a turn signal light, a fog lamp, or a daytime running lamp.

The lighting apparatus using the LED device having a desired, oralternatively predetermined wavelength band may stimulate plant growth,may stabilize human moods, and may treat diseases. Further, the lightingapparatus using the LED device may be used as a light source for arobot, or in various types of mechanical equipment. Combined withbenefits of the lighting apparatus using the LED device such asrelatively low power consumption and relatively long lifespans, lightingapparatuses using a new and renewable energy power system such as asolar cell or wind power may be achieved.

As set forth above, according to example embodiments, the semiconductordevice, the semiconductor device package, and the lighting apparatuscapable of reducing or substantially preventing an occurrence of cracksin an IMC may be provided.

Various advantages and effects in example embodiments are not limited tothe above-described descriptions and may be easily understood throughexplanations of concrete embodiments.

While example embodiments have been shown and described above, it willbe apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications andvariations could be made without departing from the scope of the exampleembodiments as defined by the appended claims.

1. A semiconductor device, comprising: a light emitting structure including first and second conductivity-type semiconductor layers including Al_(x)In_(y)Ga_((1-x-y))N, wherein 0≦x<1, 0≦y<1, and 0≦x+y<1, and an active layer between the first and second conductivity-type semiconductor layers; and an interconnection bump including: an under bump metallurgy (UBM) layer on an electrode of at least one of the first and second conductivity-type semiconductor layers, the UBM layer having a first surface opposite to a surface of the electrode and a second surface extending from an edge of the first surface and connecting to the electrode; an intermetallic compound (IMC) on the first surface of the UBM layer; a solder bump bonded to the UBM layer with the IMC therebetween; and a barrier layer on the second surface of the UBM layer and substantially preventing the solder bump from diffusing into the second surface of the UBM layer. 2.-5. (canceled)
 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second surface of the UBM layer has a structure slightly inclined towards the electrode from the first surface of the UBM layer.
 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second surface of the UBM layer is substantially perpendicular to the surface of the electrode. 8.-9. (canceled)
 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the UBM layer has a monolayer structure including one of a Ni layer or a Cu layer.
 11. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a passivation layer adjacent to the UBM layer on the electrode.
 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the passivation layer is spaced apart from the UBM layer on the electrode.
 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the passivation layer has a lower thickness than a thickness of the UBM layer.
 14. A semiconductor device, comprising: a light emitting structure having a plurality of electrodes; and an interconnection bump on the plurality of electrodes, wherein the interconnection bump includes: an under bump metallurgy (UBM) layer on the electrode, the UBM layer having a first surface opposite to a surface of the electrode and a second surface extending from an edge of the first surface and connecting to the electrode; an intermetallic compound (IMC) on the first surface of the UBM layer; a solder bump bonded to the UBM layer with the IMC therebetween; and a barrier layer on the second surface of the UBM layer, the barrier layer substantially preventing the solder bump from diffusing into the second surface of the UBM layer.
 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the plurality of electrodes are along a single direction in the light emitting structure.
 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the light emitting structure includes first and second conductivity-type semiconductor layers including Al_(x)In_(y)Ga_((1-x-y))N, wherein 0≦x<1, 0≦y<1, and 0≦x+y<1, and an active layer between the first and second conductivity-type semiconductor layers.
 17. A semiconductor device package comprising: a package main body; a semiconductor device on the package main body; and an encapsulating portion encapsulating the semiconductor device, wherein the semiconductor device includes: a light emitting structure having a plurality of electrodes; and an interconnection bump on the plurality of electrodes, wherein the interconnection bump includes: an under bump metallurgy (UBM) layer on the electrode, the UBM layer having a first surface opposite to a surface of the electrode and a second surface extending from an edge of the first surface and connecting to the electrode; an intermetallic compound (IMC) on the first surface of the UBM layer; a solder bump bonded to the UBM layer with the IMC therebetween; and a barrier layer on the second surface of the UBM layer, the barrier layer substantially preventing the solder bump from diffusing into the second surface of the UBM layer.
 18. The package of claim 17, wherein the encapsulating portion includes at least one type of phosphor.
 19. A lighting apparatus, comprising: a housing; and at least one semiconductor device package in the housing, wherein the at least one semiconductor device package includes: a package main body; a semiconductor device on the package main body; and an encapsulating portion encapsulating the semiconductor device, wherein the semiconductor device includes: a light emitting structure having a plurality of electrodes; and an interconnection bump on the plurality of electrodes, wherein the interconnection bump includes: an under bump metallurgy (UBM) layer on the electrode, the UBM layer having a first surface opposite to a surface of the electrode and a second surface extending from an edge of the first surface and connecting to the electrode; an intermetallic compound (IMC) on the first surface of the UBM layer; a solder bump bonded to the UBM layer with the IMC therebetween; and a barrier layer on the second surface of the UBM layer, the barrier layer substantially preventing the solder bump from diffusing into the second surface of the UBM layer.
 20. The lighting apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a cover unit in the housing and encapsulating the at least one semiconductor device package.
 21. An connection bump of a semiconductor device, the connection bump comprising: at least one under bump metallurgy (UBM) layer on an electrode of the semiconductor device; an intermetallic compound (IMC) on the UBM layer; a solder bump on the IMC; and a barrier layer between the UBM layer and the IMC, the barrier layer being configured to substantially prevent at least one of the solder bump and the IMC from diffusing into the UBM layer.
 22. The connection bump of claim 21, wherein the barrier layer extends on a surface of the UBM layer that extends between the IMC and the electrode.
 23. The connection bump of claim 21, wherein the barrier layer has a level of wettability with respect to at least one of the IMC and the solder bump such that at least one of the IMC and the solder bump cannot be formed on the barrier layer.
 24. The connection bump of claim 21, wherein the barrier layer includes an oxide layer having at least one element of the UBM layer.
 25. The connection bump of claim 21, wherein the UBM layer comprises at least a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being in contact with the electrode.
 26. The connection bump of claim 25, wherein the first layer includes at least titanium; and the second layer includes at least one of nickel and copper. 